The parish started in 1799. The present cathedral was dedicated on April 30, 1876, and Ephraim Francis Baldwin was its architect, in Gothic Revival style.
A fire destroyed the interior on February 6, 1898. The first Mass in the rebuilt building was held in December 1899, and it was rededicated on October 28, 1900.
It is 214 feet tall overall and has 81 stained-glass windows. Windows installed in 1904 came from Austria-Hungary. Pope Francis made it a minor basilica in January 2020.

