John Sutter set up his settlement in 1839 and called it New Helvetia, or New Switzerland. Construction of the fort itself began in 1841, and it became a busy trading post at the edge of the frontier.
In January 1848, gold was found at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, and the fort was abandoned as the Gold Rush began. By the 1850s it was largely deserted and fell into disrepair.
In 1891 the Native Sons of the Golden West bought the fort and began repairing it, and the work was finished in 1893. The state park system took it over in 1947, and it is now Sutter's Fort State Historic Park.

